and cast away their cords from us; with relation to the Lord and his Anointed, whose laws, ordinances, and truths, they call "bands" and "cords"; so Arama interprets them of the law, and the commandments; or a "yoke", as the Vulgate Latin, Septuagint, Syriac, Arabic, and Ethiopic versions render the last word; and the phrases in general express their irreverence of God and the Messiah, their rejection Christ and his religion; their non-subjection to him, and their refusal to have him to rule over them; and their disesteem and contempt of his Gospel, and of the ordinances of it, and of the laws and rules of his government in his churches: and also they show the wrong notion that carnal men have of these things that whereas Christ's yoke is easy, and his burden light, Matthew 11:30; his Gospel and the truths of it make men free from the slavery of sin and Satan, and from a spirit of bondage, Romans 8:15; and true Gospel liberty consists in an observance of his commands and ordinances; yet they look upon these things as bands and cords, as fetters and shackles, as so many restraints upon their liberty, which are not to be bore: when, on the other hand, they promise themselves liberty in a disengagement from them, and in the enjoyment of their own lusts and sinful pleasures; whereas thereby they are brought into bondage, and become the servants of corruption. The LORD is my shepherd, I lack nothing. On still other days, she found herself walking through the middle of the valley. The word “through” is important. Anointing with oil was used for various purposes (healing, burial, expressing grief or joy). Many psalms include a superscription, which we believe to have been added after the fact by the people putting together the psalm book. But if it is an honor to be invited to the President’s home, it is an infinitely greater honor to be invited to the Lord’s house. 3 But you, O L ord, are r a shield s about me, my glory, and t the lifter of my head. Many of David's psalms are full of complaints, but this is full of comforts, and the expressions of delight in God's great goodness and dependence upon him. Other than the president and family, only a handful of people have been invited to make the White House their home––and then only for a few years. I had good medical care. ), The New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, 5 vol. Fortunately, I had insurance that would allow my family to weather the storm financially. When explaining why he was restoring Israel, God said, “I don’t do this for your sake, house of Israel, but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations, where you went. For them, it truly was the valley of the shadow of death. Psalm 23 Commentary : The majority of this site is devoted to exploring the meaning of psalm 23. A. Let us break their bands asunder — That is, the laws of the Lord and his Anointed; the bands or yokes which they design to put upon our necks, that they may bring us into subjection. Let us break their bands asunder, and cast away their cords from us. The lifter up of mine head - Thou wilt restore me to the state from which my enemies have cast me down. This is the first psalm with a title: A Psalm of David when he fled from Absalom his son. God “saved (Israel) for his name’s sake, that he might make his mighty power known” (Psalm 106:8). a. “Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death” (v. 4a). He makes me to lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside the still waters. The psalmist has been talking about God in the third person (“he). Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers, Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. The consolations of the Holy Spirit are the still waters by which the saints are led; the streams which flow from the Fountain of living waters. In the first four verses of Ps. Let’s look at Psalm 23. The laws of God and Christ, though easy and pleasant in themselves, and to all good men, Matthew 11:29-30 ; 1 John 5:3 ; yet are very grievous and burdensome to corrupt nature, … It is a psalm which has been sung by good Christians, and will be while the world stands, with a … That symmetric bracketing was a literary device intended to focus attention on the middle phrase, “for you are with me.” God’s saving presence is the focal point of this psalm. Biblical Commentary (Bible study) Psalm 23 EXEGESIS: CONTEXT: "A Psalm by David." I am inclined to see two images in the psalm, that of the shepherd (vv. The Third Commandment says, “You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not acquit anyone who misuses his name” (Exodus 20:7). Grass is a plant that grows in fields. When you walk through the fire, you will not be burned, Even though I walk through the darkest valley, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me. PSALM 23 . To be invited to God’s table is the ultimate honor. With this verse, he begins to use the second person (“you” and “your”). The way of duty is the truly pleasant way. (b) Thus the wicked say that they will cast off the yoke of God and of his Christ. Like the Greek word agape (love) in the New Testament, hesed (lovingkindness) involves action––kindness or love expressed through kind or loving actions rather than just feelings. “As a deer pants for the water brooks, so my soul pants after you, God (Psalm 42:1). “Your rod and your staff, they comfort me” (v. 4c). First, the contemplative. 29 — bracketing the song with His Name. King James Version (KJV) Public Domain . For a shepherd, the healing purpose would be significant. God is holy, and takes his holy name seriously: Since God is holy, we as God’s people need to insure that we do not tarnish his name by our wrongful words or actions. “With joy you will draw water out of the wells of salvation” (Isaiah 12:3). bands … and … cords—denote the restraints of government. Those only are led by the still waters of comfort, who walk in the paths of righteousness. Psalm 2:3. To be invited to a person’s table was an honor. This is the meaning of the phrase; and this he speaks prophetically. ), Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2000), Mounce, William D., (ed. Kings were anointed (1 Samuel 10:1; 16:3, 12-13; 2 Samuel 23:1; 1 Kings 1:39). We can imagine various meanings for “the valley of the shadow of death.”. He restored my soul = That's Healing! (a) in the purposes of the high priests, of Herod, and of Pilate, to put him to death, and in the general rejection of him by his own countrymen; (b) in the general conduct of mankind - in their impatience of the restraints of the law of God, and especially of that law as promulgated by the Saviour, demanding submission and obedience to him; and. Some even see the imagery of a guide in verses 3 and 4. “When applied to Yahweh, hesed is fundamentally the expression of his loyalty and devotion to the solemn promises attached to the covenant…. A number of our soldiers died there. You prepare a table before me in the … Our children were still quite young. In these paths we cannot walk, unless. Commentary on Psalm 23. Whole Psalm. As mentioned earlier in our commentary on Ps 23:1, The LORD begins and ends the psalm (Ps 23:1, 6). It means properly what is twisted or interlaced, and refers to the usual manner in which ropes are made. Psalm 23 Meaning – Line by Line. When I was serving in Vietnam as a chaplain, I visited soldiers in the A Shau Valley near Laos. When people die, we think of them as having entered the valley of the shadow of death, but the same is true for their loved ones. 2. Together, the expressions refer to the purpose among men to cast off the government of God, and especially that part of his administration which refers to his purpose to establish a kingdom under the Messiah. And cast away their cords from us - The same idea under another form - the cords referring not to that which would bind them as prisoners, but to the ropes or thongs which bound oxen to the plow; and, hence, to that which would bind men to the service of God. 3 O L ord, o how many are my foes! But the psalm’s language and imagery may be more fitting for the season of Easter when the Church tries to discern how to live in light of … Continue reading "Commentary on Psalm 23" 5-6). Some render it "cast away from him" (c); either from Christ, or everyone from himself. Psalm 49. “Surely goodness (Hebrew: tob) and loving kindness (Hebrew: hesed) shall follow me all the days of my life” (v. 6a). The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. The LORD as Shepherd sustains. Psalm 23 The Lord is my Shepherd = That's Relationship! In the Bible, anointing was used to designate a person for a significant role. and flame will not scorch you. he makes me to lie down in green fields: these were fields where the grass was new. Psalm 23:4, ESV: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me." Psalm 3 – Peace in the Midst of the Storm. Either way, the final destination is in the presence of the LORD. Psalm 23:4 Parallel Verses [⇓ See commentary ⇓] Psalm 23:4, NIV: "Even though I walk through the darkest valley, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me." It is a hymn of praise throughout, expressing wonder that Yahweh has made people “a little lower than God” (v. 5) and “ruler over the works of your hands” (v. 6). The sense of this verse then is that, because God is loving and kind, his people can expect God to provide blessings throughout life. He makes me to lie down in green pastures = That's Rest! (c) in the conduct of individual sinners - in the opposition of the human heart to the authority of the Lord Jesus. The shepherd’s staff was the familiar long rod with a crook on one end. Cords.—The LXX. The structure of Psalm 2 is made of three parts. Verse 2. ; and Briggs, Charles A., The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon (Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 1906, 2004), Doniach, N.S. We will not have this man to reign over us. To eat at the King’s table in the presence of your enemies would show your enemies that the king holds you in high regard, and would demonstrate their powerlessness to hurt you. He first spoke them for Israel’s sake, but he caused Isaiah to record them for our sake. A shepherd would prepare a table for his sheep by scouting ahead to find good pastureland free from predators and poisonous plants. Jesus honors us by inviting us to his table, saying, “This is my body that is for you. He talks about going through it, showing that he expects to emerge from its shadows into the light on the other side. See Psalms on \"Psalms 23:1\" for further information. What Is Psalm 23? (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1979-1988), Brown, Francis; Driver, S.R. I shall not want = That's Supply! When the psalmist says that God has anointed his head with oil, he means that God has marked him as special––has set him apart for a significant role. Jesus honored his disciples by inviting them to a table where he served them bread, saying, “I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer; for I tell you, I will not eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God” (Luke 22:15-16). He was tempted to fret over his life on many occasions, not the least of which was the time when Saul was seeking his life, which according to some commentators may very well form the background to this psalm. ), The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary, 6 vol. the Holy One of Israel, your Savior” (Isaiah 43:1-3). ), Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words (Grand Rapids:  Zondervan, 2006), Renn, Stephen D., Expository Dictionary of Biblical Words: Word Studies for Key English Bible Words Based on the Hebrew and Greek Texts (Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 2005), Richards, Lawrence O., Encyclopedia of Bible Words (Zondervan, 1985, 1991), Sakenfeld, Katharine Doob (ed. Jesus told the Samaritan woman, “If you knew the gift of God, and who it is that is saying to you, ‘Give me a drink,’ you would have asked him, and he would have given you living water” (John 4:10). Pop(ular) Song. This is called the superscription. David describes how his trust in G‑d never falters, and how, even as he walks through through the valley of the shadow of death, G‑d shields him from … ), The Complete WordStudy Old Testament (Chattanooga; AMG Publishers, 1994), Baker, Warren and Carpenter, Eugene, The Complete WordStudy Dictionary: Old Testament (Chattanooga: AMG Publishers, 2003), Bromiley, Geoffrey (General Editor), The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised, 4 vols. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters. “Right paths” lead to life rather than death (see Matthew 7:13-14). 6 Surely goodness and loving kindness shall follow me all the days of my life, and I will dwell in Yahweh’s house forever. I remember a woman who grieved every year on anniversary of the death of her infant child. (General Editor), New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology & Exegesis, 5 vol., (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997), All Rights Reserved | © 1997-2020 Richard Niell Donovan. ), which the WEB has updated. SCRIPTURE QUOTATIONS are from the World English Bible (WEB), a public domain (no copyright) modern English translation of the Holy Bible. It was by divine design that this Psalm so beautifully describes the Lord God as our great and caring Shepherd, for although it is often used as great comfort at a time of death or bereavement - it is equally a Psalm that points to the Lord Jesus Christ as our sustenance and support in every season of our lives. The psalm is commonly used in the context of death and the funeral service. It could also refer to a piece of furniture like the tables that we know today. The enemy was strongly entrenched there, and was determined to stay. Almost 25 years ago, I was diagnosed with colon cancer. Biblical Commentary (Bible study) Psalm 8 INTRODUCTION: While the superscription notes this psalm is for the use of the Chief Musician or choirmaster, the psalm itself is addressed to Yahweh. He served them bread, saying, “Take, eat; this is my body.” Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you; for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins” (Matthew 26:26-28). In this context, it suggests blessings that will help the psalmist. returns my soul). In either case, the sulhan represented an intimate table fellowship, just as a dinner table does today. The LORD is my shepherd: David thought about God, the God of Israel; as he thought about his relationship with God, he made the analogy of a shepherd and his sheep. You anoint my head with oil. and through the rivers, they will not overflow you. “You prepare a table (Hebrew: sulhan) before me in the presence of my enemies” (v. 5a). And they would sleep easily. When the end of the Babylonian Exile and Israel’s salvation was nigh, God told Israel: “Don’t be afraid, for I have redeemed you. You are mine. A Psalm of David. The 23rd Psalm – most of us can recite it, but what meaning does it hold for you personally? The work of righteousness in peace. Adam Clarke Commentary. Verses 1 through 3 tell us about this near-universal rejection of the Lord and the king whom he’s anointed to rule his nation Israel – the Davidic ruler. But what may concern us about Psalm 23 is its reputation — that is, it is known for the most part as a “funeral psalm.” To be sure, it is not a bad thing that Psalm 23 speaks palpably … Continue reading "Commentary on Psalm 23" For I am Yahweh your God, Psalm 23. “You anoint my head with oil” (v. 5b). and Vulg. 23, David takes the gentle picture of a shepherd with his sheep to describe the relationship God has with us and we with Him. Bible Gateway Recommends. Depression and other illnesses can enshroud us in darkness and threaten us with death. Choose a verse from 'Psalms 23' to begin your 'Verse-by-Verse' study of God's Word using the more than 100 commentaries available on StudyLight.org “for his name’s sake” (v. 3c). In an era of increasing biblical illiteracy, this is an encouraging sign. Though its context is unclear, 3 clearly it is a psalm of confidence and trust in the LORD. The valley of the Anderson, A.A., The New Century Bible Commentary: Psalms 1-72 (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1972), Broyles, Craig C., New International Biblical Commentary: Psalms (Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 1999, Brueggemann, Walter, The Message of the Psalms A Theological Commentary (Minneapolis: Augsburg Press, 1984), Clifford, Richard J., Abingdon Old Testament Commentaries: Psalms 1-72 (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2002), Craigie, Peter C., Word Biblical Commentary, Psalms 1-50, Vol. (Comp. In the United States, a signal honor would be an invitation to stay overnight in the Lincoln bedroom in the White House. Psalm 50:23 in all English translations. But you see, David overcame sinful worry by trusting and rejoicing in God. But mostly, they were comforting because they were in the hands of a caring shepherd. Everybody knows Psalm 23. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures, etc. Then we get to v. 4, and it doesn't fit. A commentary that takes into consideration the entire Bible, however, reveals Psalm 22 to contain a detailed prophecy of how Jesus dies on the cross to pay the death penalty due for our sins (see John 3:16), including those highlighted below and explained further below (also see Isaiah 53 commentary). Here you'll find a short study on the psalm by John Calvin, exploring the thanksgiving nature of David's writing. James Montgomery Boice points out that since these titles are in the canonical text of the Hebrew Bible, “They are to be taken with absolute seriousness throughout.” have “yoke,” which is in keeping with the metaphor of a restive animal. When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; Though the majority of the occurrences of hesed are translated ‘steadfast love,’ there are undeniable elements of ‘mercy’ and ‘kindness’ that underlie each of these occurrences” (Renn, 633-634). Psalm 2 Commentary: Divisions. Augustine is said to have beheld, in a dream, the one hundred and nineteenth Psalm rising before him as a tree of life in the midst of the paradise of God. David was a man just like we are. Thou, O Lord art a shield - As a shield covers and defends the body from the strokes of an adversary, so wilt thou cover and defend me from them that rise up against me. Read full chapter. The ASV, which is also in the public domain due to expired copyrights, was a very good translation, but included many archaic words (hast, shineth, etc. 23 Whoso offereth praise glorifieth me: and to him that ordereth his conversation aright will I shew the salvation of God. EXPLANATORY NOTES AND QUAINT SAYINGS Verse 1-4. In the Old Testament, prophets were anointed (1 Kings 19:16). On other days, she was on the other side. Psalm 23:1. 4 (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1996), Waltner, James H., Believers Church Bible Commentary: Psalms (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Herald Press, 2006, Baker, Warren (ed. This psalm of David is loved the world over for its calming and healing wisdom. and Kahane, Ahuvia, The Oxford English-Hebrew Dictionary (Oxford University Press, 1998), Fohrer, Georg, Hebrew & Aramaic Dictionary of the Old Testament (SCM Press, 2012), Freedman, David Noel (ed. Isaiah 58:6; Isaiah 10:27.). He makes me lie down in green pastures, he leads me beside quiet waters, he refreshes my soul. The psalmist doesn’t speak of going into the valley, as if it were a box canyon or a final destination. Priests were anointed (Exodus 40:13-15). 76 With this background in mind, let us begin our study of Psalm 23. He is no longer speaking about God, but is instead speaking to God. 19 (Dallas: Word Books, 1983), Hartley, J.E., in Bromiley, Geoffrey (General Editor), The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Volume Three: K-P – Revised (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1986), Keller, W. Phillip, A Shepherd Looks at Psalm 23 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970, 2007, 2015), Kidner, Derek, Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries: Psalms 1-72, Vol. 4 The psalmist likely looks back at what God has done for His people, 5 (especially in the (first) Exodus) and trusts that God will continue to be God. For other references to “the shadow of death,” see Jeremiah 2:6 and Job 10:21-22. The word translated "cords" is a stronger word than that which is rendered bands. Psalm 23 3 Commentary: The food and drink and peace that the Lord gives according to what we learned in our Psalm 23 2 Meaning article leads to what we see here in the third verse of Psalm 23.. 3 He restoreth my [soul/strength]: he [leadeth/guides] me [in/down] the [paths of righteousness/right paths] for his [name's/reputation’s] sake.Psalm 23 3 Commentary: … The World English Bible is based on the American Standard Version (ASV) of the Bible, the Biblia Hebraica Stutgartensa Old Testament, and the Greek Majority Text New Testament. To be invited to the King’s table was a great honor. Note the pronoun change in this verse. Psalm 23, which begins with the words “Mizmor leDavid” (“A song of David ”), is arguably the most famous of all the Psalms.In it, King David sings of G‑d ’s protection, referring to Him as a shepherd. Not many people receive such an invitation, and even fewer receive more than one. Perhaps, also, in the words "let us cast away" there is the expression of an idea that it could be easily done: that they had only to will it, and it would be done. They believed that something of the person’s identity was tied up in the name––that the name expressed something of the person’s essential character. In these verses, the metaphor changes from God as shepherd to God as host at a special banquet. There are few experiences in life that would be more satisfying. The shepherd’s rod was a sturdy club for use against wild animals that would otherwise prey on the sheep. 5 You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. God lead us into them, and lead us on in them. 14a (Downers Grove, Illinois: Inter-Varsity Press, 1973), Limburg, James, Westminster Bible Companion: Psalms (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2000, Mays, James Luther, Interpretation: Psalms (Louisville: John Knox, 1994), McCann, J. Clinton, Jr., The New Interpreter’s Bible: The Book of Psalms, Vol. The passage, considered as referring to the Messiah, had an ample fulfillment. Green fields means that the sheep would find plenty to eat. He leads me in the paths of righteousness = … It may be a good idea to craft your own definition of this powerful prayer to read from time to time and to have handy should you need it in an unexpected situation. That’s the first section. The Hebrew word tob has a variety of meanings, such as good, moral, profitable, or plentiful. Not only he hath green pastures to lead me into, which shows his ability, bu… The center point of this psalm is “for you are with me.” In the original Hebrew language, there are 26 words before this phrase, and 26 afterwards (Limburg, 74). The Sheep and the Shepherd (23:1-4) 1 A Psalm of David. The shepherd would use his staff to guide sheep and to pull them back from dangerous places. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), Freedman, David Noel (Ed. 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